Which of the following terms refers to the ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent?

The term that refers specifically to the ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent is solubility. Solubility quantitatively expresses the maximum amount of a solute that can dissolve in a given quantity of solvent at a specified temperature and pressure. It is an important property in chemistry because it determines how substances interact in solutions, affecting reactions and processes in both laboratory and real-world settings.

Concentration refers to the amount of solute in a given volume of solution, which is a related concept but does not define the inherent ability of a substance to dissolve. Polarity describes the distribution of electrical charge over a molecule and influences solubility but does not directly represent the ability to dissolve. Reactivity pertains to how readily a substance undergoes a chemical reaction, which is unrelated to the concept of solubility. Thus, solubility is the precise term that encapsulates the ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent.