Which of the following processes would you associate with the selective passage of solvent molecules in a solution?

Osmosis is the correct process associated with the selective passage of solvent molecules in a solution. It specifically refers to the movement of solvent molecules, typically water, through a semi-permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration. This movement continues until equilibrium is reached, which is crucial in biological systems for maintaining cell integrity and function.

The distinguishing feature of osmosis is that it selectively allows the passage of solvent molecules while preventing solute molecules from passing through the membrane. This selective permeability is a key concept in many biological and chemical processes, including the regulation of water balance in cells.

In contrast, diffusion entails the movement of solute particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, without regard to a membrane. Filtration involves the separation of particles in a liquid based on size, using a barrier that allows smaller particles or solvents to pass through while retaining larger ones. Evaporation is the process by which molecules transition from the liquid phase to the vapor phase, typically due to an increase in temperature, and does not involve a selective passage through a membrane.