What is the process of using electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen called?

The process of using electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen is known as electrolysis. This occurs when an electric current is passed through water, leading to the decomposition of water molecules into their constituent elements. During electrolysis, water (H2O) is separated into hydrogen gas (H₂) and oxygen gas (O₂), typically at two electrodes: the anode and the cathode.

The significance of electrolysis lies in its applications, particularly in producing hydrogen as a clean fuel source, as well as generating oxygen, which can be utilized in various industrial processes. The conditions necessary for electrolysis include the presence of an electrolyte, which enhances conductivity, allowing for efficient current flow through the water.

The other options refer to different concepts: electromagnetic processing involves the use of electromagnetic waves rather than electrical current to manipulate materials; hydrolysis is a chemical reaction where water is used to break down substances but is not necessarily facilitated by electricity; and electromotive force refers to the energy provided by a cell or battery to drive electric current through a circuit, but does not specifically describe the process of splitting water.