What is the opposite process of condensation?

The opposite process of condensation is evaporation. Condensation occurs when gas molecules lose energy, slow down, and transition into a liquid state. This typically occurs when the temperature drops or pressure increases, leading to the formation of dew or clouds, for example. In contrast, evaporation happens when liquid molecules gain enough energy to overcome intermolecular forces and transition into a gaseous state. This process occurs at the surface of the liquid and is influenced by factors such as temperature and surface area.

Understanding the relationship between these two processes highlights the energy exchange involved in phase changes. In evaporation, energy is absorbed from the surroundings, facilitating the transition from liquid to gas. In contrast, during condensation, energy is released as gas transitions back to a liquid. This foundational concept underscores many natural phenomena related to weather and climate.