The process of a solid turning directly into a gas is referred to as?

Sublimation is the process where a solid transitions directly into a gas without first becoming a liquid. This occurs under certain conditions of temperature and pressure, allowing molecules in the solid state to gain enough energy to overcome intermolecular forces and escape into the gaseous state. A common example of sublimation is dry ice (solid carbon dioxide), which turns into carbon dioxide gas at temperatures above its sublimation point.

In contrast, vaporization refers to the process in which a liquid turns into a gas, which does not apply to solids directly turning into gases. Condensation is the reverse of vaporization, where gas turns back into liquid. Melting is the process where a solid changes to a liquid upon heating.